There has been an increase in leadership theories based on identity, both social and how one defines self as a leader. Whereas leader identity is based on the interpersonal process of how one defines one’s personal self as a leader, identity leadership is based on a group phenomenon associated...

Self-leadership broadly represents the process through which individuals influence themselves to achieve the self-direction and self-motivation necessary to behave and perform in desirable ways. Self-leadership consists of three constellations of strategies through which the individual can...

Emotionally intelligent leadership (EIL) promotes an intentional focus on self, others, and context. The core of the model are the three facets consciousness of self, consciousness of others, and consciousness of context. Nineteen learnable capacities that equip individuals with the knowledge,...

The concept of global leadership emerged during the late 1980s when the world entered a period known as globalization. Scholars began focusing their studies on learning the best way for managers and leaders to work with ever-present, ongoing interactions with people from multiple countries. Six...

Critical leadership studies (CLS) seek to question positivist scientific assumptions behind conventional leadership theory and to critique the ways that leadership theory and practice reproduce exclusionary power relationship and capitalist ideology. Early theorists of CLS initially delivered...

This chapter takes a big-picture overview of some of theories related to women and leadership. Messages about socially acceptable ways to enact gender begin before birth, accelerate throughout childhood and young adulthood, and are shaped by lessons learned from the media, education, and other...

Sustainability leadership theory (SLT) emerged to organize and metatheorize sustainability for leadership studies. The four refractive knowledge processes of SLT are captured as embodying, embedding, envisioning, and enacting, with visible modulations or expressions that direct the dynamic...

Complexity leadership theory is an umbrella term encompassing numerous perspectives, models, and theories applying complexity science to leadership. Complexity leadership theory emphasizes three distinct and complimentary leadership types that work together to enable adaptive leadership within...

Leadership is cocreated by leaders and followers working together. Leader-centric thinking has led to a lack of knowledge about the role of followers in the leadership equation. Early research on followership focused on follower typologies, ranging from passive to exemplary, and other types in...