Bowater, Russell J.; Escarela, Gabriel - In: Journal of Applied Statistics 40 (2013) 1, pp. 2-16
It is well known that heterogeneity between studies in a meta-analysis can be either caused by diversity, for example, variations in populations and interventions, or caused by bias, that is, variations in design quality and conduct of the studies. Heterogeneity that is due to bias is difficult...