Metropolitan Phoenix is an international exemplar of a low-density, automobile-dependent city where car travel is required to conduct daily activities (Newman and Kenworthy 1989). Population growth, political pressure for new highway construction, and efforts to manage travel demand for air...

This study examines early trip reduction progress achieved by the Maricopa County Regional Travel Reduction Program in metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona. This study's findings are compared with selected findings about the first year progress of the South Coast Air Management District Regulation XV...

Implementation problems limit the contribution of new methods to transportation planning practice. This case study documents the introduction of geographic information systems (GIS) to a large employer's trip reduction program. This paper's comparative approach outlines six organization...

A study was funded by the U.S. Department of Labor to analyze the differential impact of mandatory trip reduction programs on employed men and women in different family situations. Travel demand management (TDM) programs can be expected to have a direct impact on working women with young...

This paper reports on part of a study funded by the U.S. Department of Labor to evaluate whether individual transportation demand management (TDM) measures differentially affect salaried men and women in various household situations. Working women with children are the least able to make drastic...

Travel demand management policies are the focus of a national debate on ways to limit the growth of local highway congestion and improve urban air quality (Bae, 1993; Orski, 1989). One innovative approach, trip reduction programs, requires changes in individual travel behavior, usually in journey to...

This paper documents the short-term response to Arizona's metropolitan travel reduction programs. The Phoenix (Maricopa County) and Tuscon (Pima County) programs were initiated in 1988. Their legislation, specifications of travel reduction, initial actions, and achievement to date of travel...

James E. Vance, Jr., (1960) showed that a community's character evolves as metropolitan intraurban transportation and local employers' labor needs change. Commuting patterns define a community's laborshed, the area from which employees are drawn, and employment field, the area in which residents...

This paper documents the current efforts of transportation planning and air quality policies to reduce traffic congestion in metropolitan Phoenix. In metropolitan Arizona, the weakness of adopted land use controls, preference for single occupant commuting, and the importance of regional water...