Agroforestry systems play important roles in increasing carbon (C) sequestration and mitigating climate change in western Canada. However, the effect of different agroforestry systems and their component land-uses on soil organic C (SOC) stability is poorly understood. We studied SOC stability...

We evaluated the effects of elements that dissolved from nitric acid-modified biochars into aqueous solutions on lead(II) removal and the associated mechanisms for biochars derived from four biomasses at three production temperatures. Monovalent-divalent element quotient was calculated as the...