The black soil region of Northeast China is one of the most important food production bases and commodity grain bases in China. However, the continual loss and degradation of precious black soil resources has led to direct threats to national food security and regional sustainable development....

Many real-world networks are embedded in spaces. Recent studies have found that spatial characteristics are closely related to network features. Bus transport networks (BTNs) are typical spatially embedded networks, but their spatial characteristics are commonly disregarded in previous...

Preferential attachment is considered one of the key factors in the formation of scale-free networks. However, complete random attachment without a preferential mechanism can also generate scale-free networks in nature, such as protein interaction networks in cells. This article presents a new...

Preferential attachment is considered as a fundamental mechanism that contributes to the scale-free characteristics of random networks, which include growth and non-growth networks. There exist some situations of non-growth random networks, particularly for very sparse or dense networks, where...

We abstract bus transport networks (BTNs) to complex networks using the Space P approach. First, we select three actual BTNs in three major cities in China, namely, Beijing, Shanghai and Hangzhou. Using the SIS model, we simulate and study the epidemic spreading in the three BTNs. We obtain the...

We propose an ideal n-depth clique network model. In this model, the original network is composed of cliques (maximal complete subgraphs) that overlap with each other. The network expands continuously by the addition of new cliques. The final diameter of the network can be set in advance,...