Purpose – Based on definition and characteristic analysis, this paper seeks to propose a formation mechanism of knowledge rigidity, which is constituted by the effects of three precipitating factors: time‐effectiveness of knowledge, reinforcing effectiveness, and sunk cost effect in...

Based on the mean-field treatment and Monte Carlo simulation, we studied the nature of the dynamic phase transition of two and three-dimensional magnetic films in Heisenberg model. The time averaged magnetization components ( mx , my, mz),the average hysteresis-loop area components A for...

Based on the Monte Carlo simulation, the magnetic properties of the clusters, e.g. magnetization, Curie temperature, hysteresis, coercivity, natural angle and energy distribution etc., have been calculated. It has been found that, for the pure ferromagnetic cluster, the T <Superscript>3/2</Superscript> Bloch law is well...</superscript>