Pittsburgh residents (n = 209) reported their preferences for voluntary actions, soft regulations, and hard regulations to (a) limit the number of SUVs and trucks and (b) increase green energy use for household energy consumption. These two goals were presented in one of two motivating frames,...

We used simple economic games to examine pro-social behavior and the lengths that people will take in order to avoid engaging in it. Over two studies, we found that about one third of participants were willing to exit a $10 dictator game and take $9 instead. The exit option left the receiver...

1. Introduction -- 2. Merit and bias -- 3. Lessons from clinical research -- 4. Standards and double standards -- 5. Rules of the game -- 6. Organizing adjudication committees -- 7. Committee deliberations -- 8. Competitions small and large -- 9. The evolution and future of competitions.