In its latest proposals, the Digital Markets Act (DMA) and Digital ServicesAct (DSA), the European Commission puts forward several new obligations foronline intermediaries, especially large online platforms and “gatekeepers.” Bothare expected to serve as a blueprint for regulation in the...

During the past decades, societies have been greatly impacted by the impressive technological progress made in computer science. However, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning have not only become an indispensable part of our everyday lives, they also found their way into legal research:...

This Article investigates whether all stakeholder groups share the same understanding and useof the relevant terms and concepts of the DSA and DMA. Leveraging the power ofcomputational text analysis, we find significant differences in the employment ofterms like “gatekeepers,”...

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40319-020-00914-1.pdfArticle 36 of the EU Payment Services Directive 2 No. 2015/2366 (hereinafter also referred to as PSD2) awards digital operators, called third party payment providers (TPPs), the right to freely access users' payment accounts...

Also in the digital age, markets work properly as long as consumers are well informed. What is peculiar of the digital age is that consumers have become very fragile, also because firms can extensively manipulate the information that they produce and distribute to markets. Antitrust authorities...

The paper explores the impact of cognitive insights on the regulatory process and toolkit. Findings from cognitive sciences are a turning point for rule-making theory and practice, anytime a "behavioural element" is present. Evidence on how people decide and make choices may indeed enable better...

In this paper I both review expert contributions from different jurisdictions pertaining to norms on abuse of dominance and norms on abuse of non-dominance, and assess to what extent these two families of dispositions are theoretically and practically reconcilable.As a matter of comparative law,...

Traditionally, the way competition law has viewed the exchange or sharing of information among competing firms, has been to some extent mainly negative, at least from the supply side. Present market conditions, an excessively transparent market, where operators exchange detailed and (prospect)...

This chapter establishes how the regulatory process should change in order to bring out and use evidence from cognitive sciences. It further discusses the impact of cognitive sciences on the regulatory toolkit, positing that, on the one hand, traditional tools should be rethought about; and, on...