This study examines whether municipal mergers reduce public expenditure by examining the marginal treatment effect (MTE) of municipal mergers. Extant papers in the literature have paid little attention to bias from self-selection among municipal mergers or to heterogeneity in the treatment...

In many countries, governments sometimes employ irregular workers. Although their employment is fragile and is causing "working poor'' problem, local governments sometimes offer many temporary and irregular jobs and many people apply to them. To answer the reason why governments sometime employ...