In the regulatory assessment of chemicals, the use of in silico prediction methods such as (quantitative) structure-activity relationship models ([Q]SARs), is increasingly required or encouraged, in order to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the risk assessment process, and to...

In the application of the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) concept to non-cancer endpoints, the decision tree proposed by Cramer, Ford and Hall in 1978, commonly referred to as the Cramer scheme, is probably the most widely used approach for classifying and ranking chemicals according to...