In this study, an interval fixed-mix stochastic programming (IFSP) model is developed for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction management under uncertainties. In the IFSP model, methods of interval-parameter programming (IPP) and fixed-mix stochastic programming (FSP) are introduced into an...

In this study, a multistage interval-stochastic regional-scale energy model (MIS-REM) is developed for supporting electric power system (EPS) planning under uncertainty that is based on a multistage interval-stochastic integer linear programming method. The developed MIS-REM can deal with...

In this study, a two-stage inexact-stochastic programming (TISP) method is developed for planning carbon dioxide (CO2) emission trading under uncertainty. The developed TISP incorporates techniques of interval-parameter programming (IPP) and two-stage stochastic programming (TSP) within a...

In this study, an inexact fuzzy-stochastic energy model (IFS-EM) is developed for planning energy and environmental systems (EES) management under multiple uncertainties. In the IFS-EM, methods of interval parameter fuzzy linear programming (IFLP) and multistage stochastic programming with...

Methods for protecting water pipes, in cold regions against freezing, by thermal insulation material and heating cable will be analyzed. Reliability of keeping the tube's wall temperature of a piping system at minimum value will be analyzed. A thermoeconomic optimization analysis is applied with...

An OTS is more convenient to use and provides better temperature-controlled water than a natural circulation system. An excellent way to control the exit-water temperature of an OTS is to utilize a PCTCV. Our results show how the average water temperature changes with insolation and collector...