This study integrates the multilateral punishment mechanism theory with the characteristics of Chinese society-"acquaintance," "face," and "relationship"-to analyze and test the governance mechanism of merchant gangs on earnings management for the first time. Findings reveal that (1) merchant...

Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries...