The global politics of the climate emergency entails complex choices concerning the distribution of costs and benefits between countries, within countries and across society. The distributional debate between countries is well-established at the international level after three decades of United...

Foreword / by Thanos Dokos -- Introduction: The Belt and Road and EU international relations policy and law / Vassilis Ntousas and Stephen Minas -- The Belt and Road Initiative as China's approach to global governance : implications for China-EU relations and economic cooperation / Yun Zhao and...

The Green Climate Fund (GCF), established in 2010, is a significant and potentially innovative addition to the frameworks in place under the UN Climate Convention to mobilise finance for climate change mitigation and adaptation. In addition to its challenges of operationalisation as a new...

The creation of marine protected areas (“MPAs”) has for decades been an important mechanism for the conservation of offshore habitats and biodiversity. In recent years, huge swathes of ocean have been designated for protection as states announced successively larger MPAs. Where maritime...

The aim of this article is to map out the governance of renewable energy and argues that effective renewable energy governance at the international and European level has become a major challenge of public international law and European Union (EU) law. The article first analyzes renewable energy...

The relationship between investment and the rule of law includes the question whether investment activities can contribute to strengthening the rule of law in locations of investment activity. This question can pursued from the perspective of either a ‘thin’ (or ‘formal’) or a...

The nature of China’s climate change dilemma is well-known: Climate change is exacerbating environmental devastation in China, but expanding mitigation efforts would pose new challenges to continuing economic development. National environmental measures often face strong resistance from...

An array of public, private and hybrid mechanisms of climate change governance has developed alongside the public international law framework. This diffusion of climate governance necessitates a reconceptualization of the global response to climate change. This paper applies the methodological...