We implement decompositions of cyclical unemployment in a large developing country using the conventional 3-states and a 4-states representation of the labor market, where in the latter we subdivide the employment state into formal and informal forms of employment. This allows a richer analysis...

Using an empirical age-period-cohort model we analyze the effects of different Pay-As-You-Go (PAYG) public pension systems on financial imbalance, on inequality in permanent income, and on the rate of return of social security assets of heterogeneous agents in terms of gender and education....

We offer a decomposition for the variance of the current unemployment rate that not only measures the contributions of labor market flows but also of the approximation error embedded in other decompositions that use surrogates for the current rate. Using data for the United States and Brazil,...

In a pay-as-you-go system (SPR) receives contributions from active generations to finance the benefit of inactive people, making their financial balance depend on the proportion of inactive people in the population, a proportion that will double in Brazil in the next 30 years, making it...

Fundamental education is mainly provided by municipalities according to a decentralized model in which local management transforms resources transferred by the federal government into educational results that are centrally monitored. This mode of operation is conducive to the evaluation of...

The functioning of the labor market can be represented by worker flows, and the fluctuation of these flows determines the fluctuation of unemployment. The literature measures the importance of a flow such as the proportion of the variance of long-term or stationary unemployment that is explained...

The Household Budget Survey from IBGE is the only source of microeconomic data on savings of Brazilian families. As this research has been carried out at intervals of at least five years, it is important to discuss and empirically assess whether the estimated models with latest lagged research...