Since 2005, Parties to the UNFCCC have been negotiating policy options for incentivizing reductions of (greenhouse gas) emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) in a future climate regime. Proposals on how to operationalize REDD range from market-based to pure fund-based approaches....

Since 2005, negotiations aiming at reducing emissions from deforestation in developing countries (REDD) are ongoing in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. Two breeds of proposed REDD mechanisms are examined: market- or fund-based. Using Panama as a case study, the comparative ability...

The role of sinks in the clean development mechanism (CDM) has been a subject of controversy for several reasons; one being that temporary carbon storage in forests appeared to prevent any opportunity to use them as an option to reduce permanent greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In Milan (December...