Favoured by genetic engineering breakthroughs, a new type of firm has emerged in the pharmaceutical industry. New Biotechnology Firms (NBFs) are ‘bridging institutions', accelerating the commercialisation of science from academia to the pharmaceutical market and facilitating technological...

This article compares the clustering-process bifurcation of two bio-parks, the first one localized in Kobe in Japan, the second one in Evry in France. It attempts to explore, in an empirical way, the contributions and the limits of a study based on information related to the role of...

Knowledge transfer between science and technology has been studied at micro- and macro-levels of analysis. This has contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms and drivers, but actual transfer mechanism and process, be they through codified or tacit sources, have very rarely been mapped...