This chapter is devoted to the definition and calculation of cash flows, namely, cash flow to debt, (CFD), cash flow to equity, (CFE), Capital Cash Flow, (CCF), tax savings, (TS) and free cash flow, (FCF). The direct and indirect methods are used to derive the relevant cash flow profiles for the...

Este capítulo se dedica a la definición y el cálculo del valor terminal que es el valor de los flujos de caja que se generan en la firma o proyecto más allá del último período de la proyección. Se consideran situaciones con y sin crecimiento real y con y sin inflación. Se derivan las...

Este capítulo está dedicado a la definición y aplicación del concepto del 'costo de capital' y la valoración de los flujos de caja desde diferentes puntos de vista. Se presenta un método para estimar el costo de la deuda y las formulaciones generales del costo del patrimonio y del...

The paper introduces a new financial metric for managerial performance evaluation, Value Added to Invested Capital (VAIC), with the cost of unlevered equity as a hurdle rate to calculate the capital charge rather than the widely accepted WACC. VAIC preserves all positive features of the...

The paper introduces a new financial metric for managerial performance evaluation, Value Added to Invested Capital (VAIC), with the cost of unlevered equity as a hurdle rate to calculate the capital charge rather than the widely accepted WACC. VAIC preserves all positive features of the...

The purpose of this paper is to present a procedure to include the implicit assumptions of Net Present Value NPV in the Internal Rate of Return, IRR, and the profitability index (benefit-cost ratio B/CR). The resulting indicators are the weighted IRR (WIRR) and the expanded B/CR (EB/CR). These...

We derive and present the formula for optimal debt under the assumption that tax shields are discounted at the cost of levered equity, Ke and cash flows are on perpetuity. The formulation is consistent and is derived from basic financial principles. This formulation is valid for non-growing...

This paper shows how to proceed to find the optimal capital structure and value with period-to-period constant and variable leverage, when the discount rate for tax shields is Ke, the cost of levered equity. Numerical procedures and recursive closed-form non-circular expressions for the...

Los ahorros en impuestos por deuda son un tema de obligado interés dentro de la literatura financiera porque desafían el supuesto de que la deuda destruye valor, al demostrar que genera subsidios de impuestos que representan valor para las compañías. Pocos son los estudios empíricos que se...