Jakarta, the economic hub of Indonesia, faces significant air pollution challenges exacerbated by meteorological factors. This study proposes applying Fuzzy Geographically Weighted Clustering (FGWC) combined with Coot Bird Optimization (CBO) to evaluate the vulnerability of air quality in...

Purpose This study aims to analyze the convergence of environmental degradation clubs in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). In addition, this study also analyzes the influence of renewable energy and foreign direct investment (FDI) on each club as an intervention to change the...