Propositions about the impact cognitive processes have on entrepreneurial effort across different tasks are developed. These propositions draw on self-regulatory theory, in particular our understanding of regulatory focus and self-efficacy. It is argued that a promotion orientation motivates...

How do entrepreneurs think about themselves? This is the key question addressed in this paper. The author considers how motivational cognitions influence action to establish ventures and explores the relationships between entrepreneurial attitudes (self-efficacy, confidence and commitment) and...

Confidence can have both positive and negative effects on entrepreneurial activities. On the one hand confidence boosts motivation and leads entrepreneurs to exert more effort on key tasks. But on the other hand overconfidence can induce decision-making short cuts and a tendency to reduce effort...

This paper considers the paradoxical effects of an autonomous leadership style. The well documented empowering effect of autonomy on work attitudes is shown to be counter-balanced by the negative effects of isolation and a deprivation of valued inputs when a leader is uninvolved. The paradox of...

Purpose - This paper aims to explore the question of confidence in entrepreneurship, and the impact confidence has on key tasks in the venture development process.Design/methodology/approach - Propositions about the relationship between key elements of confidence (optimism and overconfidence)...

Purpose – The central question of this paper is, “What determines an entrepreneur's effort on different tasks?” The paper aims to address this question. Design/methodology/approach – Propositions about the impact cognitive processes have on entrepreneurial effort across different tasks...