Economic sanctions significantly influence stock market capitalization and have critical implications for the national economy. This study investigates the impact of economic sanctions on stock market capitalization, focusing on the roles of national reserves and financial market access in...

This study investigates the impact of economic sanctions on exchange rate volatility, with a specific focus on the role of foreign reserves in mitigating these effects across 21 countries from 2002 to 2022. Employing advanced econometric models, including Panel-Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE)...