Purpose – This study aims to explore the role of formal education in managerial career attainment and how this role has changed over time. Design/methodology/approach – The personnel records of two cohorts of managers who entered the firm at different times in a large internal labor market...

Literature on tournament mobility in internal labor markets (ILMs) is reviewed revealing a paucity of studies examining the promotion patterns of late entrants into internal promotion systems. An investigation of 502 managers in a large corporation indicated that late entry into the ILM...

As technologies change and market environments evolve, firms introduce new products to create or satisfy new market demands or to substitute for existing products. A key strategic decision for firms contemplating entry into emerging product markets is the timing of their entry. Firms may choose...