Algorithmic or automated decision-making has become commonplace, with firms implementing either rule-based or statistical models to determine whether or not to provide services to customers based on their past behaviors. Policy-makers are pressed to determine if and how to require firms to...

In service marketing, customers typically pay more when they use more. Based on this principle, various non-linear pricing plans or flat-rate tariffs attempt to lure customers into higher use and higher-revenue contracts. An emerging marketing practice we term precommitment-based pricing turns...