The national reports have been drafted with the support of the corresponding national intellectual property offices. The purpose of the reports was to collect information about the national rules implementing the SPC Regulations, the national practices and procedures. Particular attention has...

This Study examines the functioning of the system of supplementary protection certificates (SPCs) established in the EU by Regulation 1768/92/EEC on SPCs for medicinal products (now: Reg. 469/2009/EC) and Regulation 1610/96/EC on SPCs for plant protection products (hereinafter: the Regulations)....

Organisations today operate in a world fraught with threats, including “script kiddies”, hackers, hacktivists and advanced persistent threats. Although these threats can be harmful to an enterprise, a potentially more devastating and anecdotally more likely threat is that of the malicious...

This study develops a probabilistic model of brand choice that captures dynamic preferences and loyalties of consumers over their life-time of purchasing in a product category (i.e., first ever purchase through to last ever purchase made in a product category). The model is motivated by our...

Manufacturing systems typically contain processing and assembly stages whose output quality is significantly affected by the output quality of preceding stages in the system. This study offers and empirically validates a procedure for (1) measuring the effect of each stage's performance on the...