State of charge (SOC) estimation is essential to battery management systems in electric vehicles (EVs) to ensure the safe operations of batteries and providing drivers with the remaining range of the EVs. A number of estimation algorithms have been developed to get an accurate SOC value because...

The state of charge (<i>SOC</i>) is important for the safety and reliability of battery operation since it indicates the remaining capacity of a battery. However, it is difficult to get an accurate value of <i>SOC</i>, because the <i>SOC</i> cannot be directly measured by a sensor. In this paper, an adaptive gain...