Soil is the largest carbon reservoir in terrestrial ecosystems, and minor changes in this reservoir can dramatically affect atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. The fragile ecological environment in the arid zone of northwest China is extremely susceptible to natural and anthropogenic factors,...

The low agricultural productivity and ecological degradation in the majority of northwestern China is mainly attributed to the disordered accumulation and expansion of salinization. Soil salinization has a significant spatial and temporal variability. Therefore, it is essential to reveal the...

In recent decades, national income has become increasingly important as a measure of a nation’s economic health. In this study, we used a wide array of primary and secondary sources to arrive at values of the Chinese per capita gross domestic product (GDP) during the period of 1661–1933. We...