Business cycle recoveries have slowed in recent decades. This slowdown comes entirely from female employment: as women's employment rates converged towards men's over the past half-century, the growth rate of female employment slowed. We ask whether this slowdown in female employment caused the...

Government infrastructure investment in mixed markets may crowd out investment from private firms, or it may induce them to invest preemptively. The tension between these effects underlies the policy debate over whether to allow municipal provision of internet access. The goal of this paper is...