dilemmas conformism is an expression of preference, not a learning rule. Fourth: group mutations are necessary to sustain …

We consider the accumulation of deleterious mutations in an asexual population, a phenomenon known as Muller’s ratchet … mutations occur), for any α>0 (the toxicity of the mutations) and for any size N>0 of the population, the ratchet clicks a.s. in … finite time. That is to say the minimum number of deleterious mutations in the population goes to infinity a.s. …