This paper advances a unified theoretical framework that synthesises Shane and Eckhardt's individual-opportunity nexus, Ramoglou and Tsang's opportunities-as-propensities perspective, and Davidsson's tripartite model of new venture ideas, external enablers, and opportunity confidence. Building...

The war in Ukraine has demonstrated how battlefields are evolving rapidly, with new technologies shaping military strategy and tactics. Increasingly, these new technologies are being provided by startup firms, rather than by established contractors. To incorporate these new firms into the...

Population aging is reshaping retirement trajectories, challenging traditional models that conceptualize retirement as a definitive withdrawal from productive roles. While bridge employment has been widely studied, research has largely focused on former salaried employees, leaving the...

This paper studies how employment subsidies for start-ups shape their performance. We exploit an unexpected policy reform in Belgium that permanently exempted start-ups hiring their first employee from payroll taxes for that employee. Using firm-level administrative data and a...

Accumulated entrepreneurial experience, as a form of human capital, plays a critical role in shaping current venture revenue. Building on insights from entrepreneurship and human capital theory, the study establishes a causal inverted U-shaped relationship between prior entrepreneurial...