We examine the impact of increasing competition among the fastest traders by analyzing a new low-latency microwave network connecting exchanges trading the same stocks. Using a difference-in-differences approach comparing German stocks with similar French stocks, we find improved market...

We propose a high-frequency rebalancing algorithm (HFRA) and compare its performance with periodic rebalancing (PR) and threshold rebalancing (TR) strategies. PR refers to the process of adjusting the relative weight of assets within portfolios at regular time intervals, whereas TR is a process...