There has been a monotonic increase in research investigating the performance of commercial banks across the globe. This is a recognition that the banking industry has a significant contribution to the service sector and national output. This paper examined the existence of the structure-conduct...

One of the major concerns in todays’ world of economic finance, especially investments in asset classes like stocks and bonds, is whether the returns on these asset classes are linear or non-linear. To test the linearity behaviour, this paper employs the Granger causality test (Granger, 1969)...

We propose a bounds testing procedure (BTP) with a battery of tests for the existence of a non-degenerate co-integrating relationship in levels, for long panels. It is a natural extension to panel data of the respective approach in time series as described by Pesaran, Shin and Smith (2001) and...

This paper attempts to estimate long-run forecasting of Indian GDP for the post-COVID period using the factor error correction model (FECM). The model builds on a dynamic factor model that directly and indirectly captures many dimensions affecting the cycles of a macro variable. The availability...

The study aims at investigating the Export-led growth hypothesis in Pakistan by applying Unit root test, Cointegration, Vector error model and Granger causality tests. Time series data of the selected variables (Real GDP, capital, employed labor force, exports, consumer price index and terms of...

Real Exchange rate is an important player in the growth of the economy as it may lead tohigher export by stabilizing currency value at any specific level. This study aims toanalyze the determinants of real exchange rate in Pakistan. Time series data is collectedfrom 1972 – 73 to 2012 – 13....

Oil is one of the essential factors of growth and development in Iran because it uses the growth model with pressure on natural resources. According to reviews, oil consumption and export are two significant factors in determining economic growth. This study aims to obtain an experimental...

In this paper, a quantum error correction scheme combined with quantum feedback control is proposed, which can achieve the Heisenberg limit even if the Hamiltonian-Not-in-Lindblad-Span condition in the optimal error correction protocol is not satisfied. Compared with other error correction...

In this study, the relationship between renewable energy consumption, multifactor productivity, research and development (R&D) expenditure, urbanization, and ecological footprint was investigated under the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis between 1991 and 2016, using Lagrange...

This paper investigates the long run growth effects of the external factors like export and import, foreign direct investment, and foreign remittances in South Asian countries. To estimate the same the Panel cointegration and Panel Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) have been used. The panel...