The study aims at investigating the Export-led growth hypothesis in Pakistan by applying Unit root test, Cointegration, Vector error model and Granger causality tests. Time series data of the selected variables (Real GDP, capital, employed labor force, exports, consumer price index and terms of...

Real Exchange rate is an important player in the growth of the economy as it may lead tohigher export by stabilizing currency value at any specific level. This study aims toanalyze the determinants of real exchange rate in Pakistan. Time series data is collectedfrom 1972 – 73 to 2012 – 13....

In this study, we empirically investigate whether or not the conventional belief that new information about fundamental value is revealed in the futures market ahead of the spot market is applicable to four important storable energy commodities, oil, gasoline, heating oil and natural gas. Taking...

Oil is one of the essential factors of growth and development in Iran because it uses the growth model with pressure on natural resources. According to reviews, oil consumption and export are two significant factors in determining economic growth. This study aims to obtain an experimental...

In this paper, a quantum error correction scheme combined with quantum feedback control is proposed, which can achieve the Heisenberg limit even if the Hamiltonian-Not-in-Lindblad-Span condition in the optimal error correction protocol is not satisfied. Compared with other error correction...

This paper is an innovative attempt to empirically investigate the determinants of crude oil prices. The main objective is to distinguish between short- and long-term effects of some covariates on oil prices. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach is applied to daily series spanning...

The study aims to determine the effect of electrification on rural poverty and households’ non-food spending (NFS). Using a cross-province dataset of western Indonesia from 2007 through 2017, an econometric model was used to analyze the causal relationship between the variables. The...

We develop exact distribution-free test procedures for joint inference about the forward rate unbiasedness hypothesis (FRUH) across multiple currencies. The procedures can be applied with either levels or differences specifications. This unified approach proceeds with sign and signed rank tests...

Although the close empirical relationship between the evolution of mortgage lending and housing prices is well established in the literature, the direction of causation is less clear from a theoretical standpoint. We apply multivariate cointegration techniques in order to address this issue...