We analyze the impact of negative reference rates on the interest rate behavior of more than 500 Austrian banks from 2009Q1 to 2021Q4. Using panel vector error correction analysis with the Engle-Granger procedure in two steps, we establish a cointegration vector that links bank-specific lending...

This study analyses the intricate connection between tourism and economic growth, emphasising significant gaps in existing literature. The study utilises a comprehensive framework encompassing tourism-led economic growth (TLEG) and economy-driven tourism growth (EDTG), highlighting the...

In the aftermath of global financial crises and amid increasing complexity in banking operations, understanding and managing various types of risk - especially liquidity, credit, and solvency risks - has become a global concern for financial stability. This study addresses a critical gap in the...