The maritime industry is significant to the growth and development of nations. The relationship between shipping trade and economic growth in Nigeria is acknowledged in the literature. Still, the need to emphasise the role of shipping import and export volume and exchange rate volatility in...

The Portuguese First Republic (1910-1926) was marked by significant instability at the most diverse levels. With a special focus on the financial dimension of this period, the objective of this paper is to test the sustainability of the Portuguese fiscal policy, also referred to as the...

This paper provides new evidence on the effect of debt on economic growth through two alternative methodological approaches. On the one hand, by using a panel error correction model with a sample of 130 countries between 1980 and 2020, we found evidence of the existence of a range of debt-to-GDP...

Government debt has increased not only in times of economic stress, but it has become a com- mon manifestation of government expenditure funding. The aim of the paper is to inspect the effect of government debt on economic freedom in ten CEE countries between 1995 and 2020 using a panel model...

We study convergence and club formation of housing prices in European countries using several measures of housing prices. We employ correlations, innovative trend and gap approaches, and cointegration analysis to study the long-term development of housing prices and their reactions to crises. We...

The changing population dynamics have substantial impact on economy. This paper investigates the effects of demographic change on economic growth. The share of working age population, child dependency ratio, old-age dependency ratio and age dependency ratio are used as demographic variables. The...

Considering the importance of economic globalization in shaping Ghana's economic growth trajectory, examining the relationship between these two variables is crucial for policymakers to develop strategies aimed at maximizing the benefits of economic globalization and minimizing the challenges...

Environmental issues, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, are humanity's most critical issues. Emissions released by oil-producing countries is not small. This is because these countries have an abundance of fossil fuels with considerably low prices, and the cost of using these natural...

Despite the deepening trend of neo-protectionism and the exacerbation of disproportions in national economies, trade integration remains a relevant form of collaboration among countries worldwide and a driver of their innovation and technological development. The article provides comparative...