In article problem questions of formation of profitable base of local budgets in the conditions of financial and economic crisis, and as influence of budgetary-tax reforming on strengthening of their financial self-sufficiency are considered.

This poverty reduction strategy paper on Nicaragua shows that the main obstacles to poverty reduction are related to culture, historical, and structural factors, as well as weak public policy. The lack of proper physical infrastructure, the weaknesses in the energy matrix, the flaws in the...

Under what conditions are budget institutions likely to be strengthened? We find that fiscal deficits do not help in focusing policymakers on undertaking reforms. To the contrary, the larger the deficit, the lower is the likelihood of reforms. Large deficits apparently imply strong claims on the...

Togo's macroeconomic situation remained difficult owing to its political uncertainty, falling cotton prices, and continued problems in phosphate production under the Staff-Monitored Program. Executive Directors stressed the need to improve fiscal stance, address structural issues, and reinforce...