Economists have investigated the relationship between output and export in order to explain economic growth for long years. Numerous studies have found very close correspondence between the growth of output and export. It is commonly known that Thirlwall's papers indicate very tight relationship...

This is an addendum to Britto and McCombie (2009), in which more appropriate procedures are used to test for the long-run relationship between actual growth rates for Brazil and the hypothetical balance-of-payments growth rates. The results confirm the original conclusions.

We combine two strands of post Keynesian growth theory by imposing a balance-of-payments constraint on a Kaldorian cumulative causation model. The effects of external and internal shocks and the degree to which cumulative causation comes into play depends on the exchange rate and capital account...