Fintech presents unique opportunities for central banks. The rapid changes in technology that are transforming the financial system will allow central banks to enhance the execution of various of their core functions, such as currency issuance and payment systems. But some aspects of fintech...

This paper discusses key legal issues in the design of Board Oversight in central banks. Central banks are complex and sophisticated organizations that are challenging to manage. While most economic literature focuses on decision-making in the context of monetary policy formulation, this paper...

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Zimbabwe’s performance under the Staff-Monitored Program (SMP) has been broadly satisfactorily through the difficult electoral transition period, and the authorities have taken corrective measures to restore a track record of policy implementation going forward. In the...

This Technical Note analyzes Safety Nets and Crisis Management Arrangements in El Salvador. In El Salvador, the banking safety net—emergency liquidity assistance, resolution and deposit insurance—faces particular challenges given it operates in the context of official...

This paper discusses key findings of the detailed assessment of compliance of the Basel Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision for El Salvador. The Salvadoran financial system is comparable with its regional peers in terms of size. The financial system has weathered the global...

The staff reports for the 2013 Article IV Consultation on the Chile discuss the strong and inclusive growth over the medium term. Technocratic, rules-based, and transparent policy management; monetary policy under a floating exchange rate undertaken by a credible central bank; and prudent fiscal...

This 2011 Article IV Consultation highlights that economic growth in Hungary is slowing and market perception of recent policy measures has been negative. The eurozone crisis is weighing on Hungary’s external demand. Fiscal and monetary policies are facing constraints, given financial...

The fourth review of Djibouti’s economic performance under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF) arrangement highlights that the authorities maintained fiscal discipline in 2010, but fiscal performance weakened in the first months of 2011. The authorities made progress toward tackling high...

Afghanistan’s development, humanitarian, and governance challenges are formidable. Afghanistan is in its transition to become self-reliant. To achieve this goal, the government requires donor support. The IMF-supported economic program tries to address key macroeconomic challenges and...