The transportation sector is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly due to the emissions released by motor vehicles, shipping, and aviation. Carbon emissions increase significantly as demand for transportation services rises, especially in emerging economies...

The recent geopolitical events, such as the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, have strained the available resources worldwide. In emerging economies like Bangladesh, which is heavily reliant on imported gas, oil, and coal, this has created a severe energy crisis. In response to the energy...