This paper considers the U.S. Small Business Innovation research (SBIR) program as a policy fostering academic entrepreneurship. We highlight two main characteristics of the program that make it attractive as an entrepreneurship policy: early-stage financing and scientist involvement in...

Cluster policies have attracted increasing attention worldwide, but only a few studies have focused on their management by local cluster organizations. We investigate the relationship between national cluster policies and their management by local cluster organizations from a comparative...

Many developing and least developed countries are facing new challenges brought on by agricultural biotechnology. This paper offers biotech policy choices in the process of developing comprehensive biotech regulatory systems. This paper examines whether or not there are WTO obligations on...

In the context of the overall purpose of patent policy - to induce invention that would not otherwise occur and which delivers a net benefit to society - this paper reviews the evidence available on the question of gene patenting. The paper starts with assessing the evidence for the need for a...

Bioprospecting has been touted as a source of finance for biodiversity conservation. Recent work has suggested that the bioprospecting value of the "marginal unit" of genetic resources is likely to be vanishingly small, creating essentially no conservation incentive. This result is shown to flow...

We evaluate the effects of state-provided financial incentives for biotech companies, which are part of a growing trend of placed-based policies designed to spur innovation clusters. We estimate that the adoption of subsidies for biotech employers by a state raises the number of star biotech...

The market for biotechnology products has expanded rapidly in the 1990s and is expected to give impulse to radical changes in agriculture around the world. Investment in research and development (R&D) of new seed varieties has become a key factor for agriculture development. In the last decades,...

In their animated book 'The Patent Crisis and How the Courts can Solve It', Dan Burk and Mark Lemley give an account of their quest into the judicial treatment of patents in different industry sectors. They present an in-depth commentary on industry specific differences in the patent system from...

This paper contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between strategic alliances and VC exits. Recent empirical literature concludes that strategic alliances improve the probability of successful exits (IPOs and M&As) for venture-backed companies. When we control for observed and...