As technological advancements have grown exponentially over the years, the clarity of patent eligible subject matter standards has become murkier. This Comment seeks to delve into the ever-changing biotechnology industry and the potentially unforeseen effects that may result from the direction...

Using patent citation data for the U.S., we test whether knowledge spillovers in biotechnology are sensitive to distance, and whether that sensitivity has changed over time. Controlling for self-citation by inventor, assignee and examiner, cohort-based regression analysis shows that physical...

The latest United Nations population projection predict that the human population will expand from roughly 7.5 billion to between 8.3 and 10.9 billion by mid-century. This presents an acute need to increase agricultural productivity quickly and to do so without unduly damaging the many other...

Perhaps the highest impact advancements from science over the last half a century are the applications of biology and computer sciences. However, the regulatory aspect of biotechnology is contentious, and it is at a stage of development. This paper covers the current issues on regulatory aspects...

Today it is widely recognized that biotechnology is one of the key sectors of the emerging knowledge based economy (see, e.g., Trippl and Tödtling 2007). Revenues and turnovers from biotechnology applications – here defined to include all applications of science and technology to living...

The orthodox business model of many drug discovery and development companies centers on adding value to early-stage discoveries prior to engaging with large pharmaceutical companies to bring products to market. Anecdotal observations suggest some companies are moving to a 'virtual' business...

This Article addresses copyright as a viable form of intellectual property protection for living, organic creations of science and art. The United States Supreme Court’s decision in Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc. narrowed patent-eligible protection over living...

These remarks were prepared for the keynote speech delivered at the symposium "Gene Patents After Myriad," held by the North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology at the University of North Carolina School of Law on February 21, 2014. Sandra Park, senior attorney at the American Civil Liberties...

This Note applies the concept of "paradigm shifts" from the history and philosophy of science to describe how patents on biomedical research tools - inputs to basic research - can create conditions conducive to fundamental advances in scientific theory. Patents on research tools can prevent...

Biotechnology is typically associated with the centres of learning and firms in industrialised countries but usually not with institutions in developing countries. Developing nations are however, becoming active in this field and are increasingly using recombinant methods to produce new and...