This research examines the innovation process that includes sources, development, and uses of innovation in the field of modern biotechnology. Based on existing literature and primary qualitative data collected from 39 young, small American biotechnology firms we show how biotechnology...

This study aims at analyzing the differences in the factors that influence the probability of knowledge transfer within industry and from industry to science in the biotechnology sector. In order to model these knowledge flows a citation analysis on the basis of patent data was conducted and a...

Twice in the last two years the Supreme Court of Canada, in the absence of legislative guidance from Parliament, has been called upon to resolve fundamental conflicts in applying the provisions of the Patent Act to unique characteristics of biotechnological innovations, particularly in relation...

In KSR International, the U.S. Supreme Court rejected the Federal Circuit's rigid application of “teaching, suggestion, or motivation” test (TSM test), and replaced it with an “expansive and flexible” approach, in determining the question of obviousness. Nevertheless, an expansive and...

A stakeholder survey was conducted in Ghana to assess the level of public perceptions and acceptance of agricultural biotechnologies. A total of 100 respondents drawn from academia, Non-governmental organizations, business community, government and other stakeholders were interviewed on their...

This report provides the first edition of a European patent indicator for access to genetic resources and benefit-sharing developed for the European Environment Agency as part of the Streamlining European Biodiversity Indicators (SEBI 2010) process (Report EEA/BSS/08/012). The patent indicator...

This chapter examines the historical development of the agricultural biotechnology complex and the strategies employed by major firms in their attempt to build an agro-industrial complex centered on biotechnology and the life sciences. The first section investigates the transformation of...

This article is an abridged and shortened version of the article “Patents vs. Statutory Exclusivities in Biological Pharmaceuticals — Do We Really Need Both?” (18 Michigan Telecommunication & Technology Law Review 419). This version of the article briefly reviews the framework for the...

Over the last twenty years, the legal and scientific academic communities have been embroiled in a debate about the patent eligibility of genetic materials. The stakes for both sides could not be higher. On one hand are the potential multi-billion dollar profits on the fruits of research (from...

Judge Bryson recently asserted in Association for Molecular Pathology v. US Patent and Trademark Office (dissenting-in-part) that human gene patents "present a significant obstacle to the next generation of innovation in genetic medicine — multiplex tests and whole-genome sequencing." His...