This comprehensive overview covers the technology, applications, economic potential and implications for society. Directed at readers with a general interest in a specific technology, this is equally suitable as an introductory handbook to a wide range of industries.

Knowledge of factors that determine the transition from nascent entrepreneurship into real entrepreneurship is of major importance for policies aiming to effectively stimulate start-ups. Whereas scholars concentrated on person-specific factors to explain transition probabilities, environmental...

This paper analyzes the technology commercialization strategy of an innovating firm when the incumbent firms possess specialized commercialization capabilities. According to the predominant framework, if the innovation is protected by a strong appropriabilty regime the optimal strategy is to...

How does the establishment of new university educational programs promote university-industry joint research? To study this question for the fields of life sciences and biotechnology, we first compile the data on the establishment of new undergraduate and graduate programs in these fields in...

Die Biotechnologie wird häufig als eine sehr bedeutende Technologie des 21. Jahrhunderts angesehen. Allerdings sind die empirischen Erkenntnisse über ihre wirtschaftlichen Effekte bislang gering. Daran setzt diese Arbeit an. Auf der Basis von theoretischen Wirkungszusammenhängen untersucht...

The achievements in agricultural innovation over the past century have been impressive, supporting large increases in agricultural yields and low food prices. Critical to this success has been sustained public sector investment combined with a decentralized and competitive research system in the...

This paper provides evidence on the mechanisms influencing the patent output of a sample of biotechnology firms from the input of indirect knowledge acquired from capital expenditures and direct knowledge from in-house R&D. Statistical models of counts are used to analyse the relationship...

This is the seventh in a series of Eurobarometer surveys on life sciences and biotechnology conducted in 1991, 1993, 1996, 1999, 2002, 2005 and 2010. This latest survey, carried out in February 2010, was based on a representative sample of 30,800 respondents from the 27 Member States, plus...

This thesis presents a class of graphical models for directly representing the joint cumulative distribution function (CDF) of many random variables, called cumulative distribution networks (CDNs). Unlike graphical models for probability density and mass functions, in a CDN, the marginal...