to define the local scale and illustrate our perspective with a case study on a local biorefining TIS evolution in France … various scales in different periods: while the local scale was characterized by materialization of biorefining technology and …

approaches implemented in closed cycles (biorefining). The aim of this study was to develop the biotechnological foundations of … systematized, taking into account the places of their occurrence; the directions and forms of the biorefining of pulp and paper …