Is it true that the Catholic reaction to Protestantism—the Counter-Reformation—lead to scientific and economic decline for hundreds of years? Introducing biography-based evidence, I show that Catholic and Protestant European cities long shared comparable trends of scientists per capita. But...

We study racial disparities in economic opportunity during childhood. Using education data linked to tax records, we show there is variation in the income-achievement gap across race. The gap is small for East Asian children while it is noticeably larger for Indigenous children. Sorting into...

This Article critically examines startup culture and its legal predicates. The Article analyzes innovation culture as a whole and uses the downfall of Theranos to illustrate the deficiencies in Silicon Valley culture, centering on race and class. The Article demonstrates that the rise and fall...

Car buying for more than 80% of consumers involves obtaining a loan at a dealership in the U.S. Many of these buyers unknowingly pay an undisclosed interest rate markup charged by car dealerships, i.e., a dealer markup. The opaqueness of the dealer markup practice and a regulatory vacuum have...

This article examines what I refer to as the Zaru Effect, a sociological phenomenon that describes when law enforcement officers close their eyes to harm perpetuated by private actors against trans women. It briefly touches upon law enforcement’s arrest of trans women when they make...

In malaria-endemic countries, the limited availability of affordable antimalarial medication has contributed to the widespread distribution of inferior counterfeit drugs. We study such markets to determine how philanthropic donors can best allocate limited funds to subsidize the purchase or...