This paper presents an Update to the Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes on the Fiscal Transparency Module for Pakistan. Under the Project for Improvement of Financial Reporting and Auditing (PIFRA), key steps to enhance fiscal reporting and monitoring were taken recently. Accounting...

This report on the Observance of Standards and Codes on Fiscal Transparency Module on Ghana highlights a fiscal transparency module. Ghana meets the standards of the fiscal transparency code in several areas. In spite of the progress, the transparency of fiscal activities still falls short of...

From this study, it is noted that accounting, classification, and reporting of fiscal operations would benefit from the establishment of a state treasury, and a number of measures were recommended. The report on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC) concluded that key weaknesses in budget...

This report assesses the Observance of Standards and Codes on Fiscal Transparency for Bangladesh. Bangladesh has made significant progress in recent years toward addressing longstanding problems of fiscal reporting and meeting basic requirements of fiscal transparency. Measures are in hand to...

This paper focuses on the Republic of Lithuania’s Third Review Under the Stand-By Arrangement. Program implementation has been good and all end-December 2002 quantitative performance criteria were met. Macroeconomic performance in 2002 was better than expected: real GDP grew by 5.9...

In the social sectors, encouraging results were obtained in education. The Ten-Year Education Program was finalized, creating a solid basis for the implementation of actions in this sector. According to the most recent estimates, the basic enrolment rate was 41.7 percent in 2002 compared with...

This paper examines the Republic of Lithuania’s 2001 Article IV Consultation and First Review Under the Stand-By Arrangement. The macroeconomic objectives for 2001 are expected to be largely attained and all end-September performance criteria and structural benchmarks were met. The...

Kazakhstan’s government has established a comprehensive and efficient treasury system for government revenues and expenditures, and introduced a state-of-the-art government financial management information system. Kazakhstan is among the leading BRO (Baltics, Russia, and other Former Soviet...

Fiscal decentralization is likely to entail a bias in the budget process toward higher public expenses and deficits. The paper reviews lessons drawn from the theoretical literature and international experience on the design of intergovernmental relations. The institutional setup should address...

This paper examines the merits of the British budget management system that was inherited in Anglophone African countries and which has changed substantially in the United Kingdom since the 1960s. It considers whether the disappointing budgetary performance in Africa is due to weaknesses in the...