This paper argues that bureaucrats are susceptible to `minimal squawk` behavior. I develop a simple model in which a desire to avoid criticism can prompt, otherwise public-spirited, bureaucrats to behave inefficiently. Decisions are taken to keep interest groups quiet and mistakes out of the...

Bureaucracy and human creativity may be seen as the two extremes of a dimension when analyzing the continuous activity of organizations pursuing a goal or trying to achieve their objectives. The bureaucracy occurs and develops only if the outcome of the organizational activity is beneficial to...