identifies conceptual issues associated with Kronenberg?s CHARM method for adjusting input-output regionalization methods …. Despite the shortcomings of the CHARM approach as it now stands, this is a very important line of research. I believe that … progress made on the CHARM method is encouraging, and hope that future work will resolve remaining issues. …

Data for the Chinese province of Hubei are used to assess the performance of Kronenberg’s CHARM, a method that takes … the authors’ earlier findings for Finland, CHARM does not generate reliable estimates of Hubei’s sectoral exports, imports …

identifies conceptual issues associated with Kronenberg?s CHARM method for adjusting input-output regionalization methods …. Despite the shortcomings of the CHARM approach as it now stands, this is a very important line of research. I believe that … progress made on the CHARM method is encouraging, and hope that future work will resolve remaining issues. …

Data for the Chinese province of Hubei are used to assess the performance of Kronenberg's CHARM, a method that takes … the authors' earlier findings for Finland, CHARM does not generate reliable estimates of Hubei's sectoral exports, imports … under examination, which generates around four percent of China's GDP. Nevertheless, CHARM does yield reasonable estimates …

Regionalization Method (CHARM). This aims to take into account the fact that regions typically both import and export most commodities …. Data for Uusimaa, Finland's largest region, are employed to carry out a detailed empirical test of CHARM. This test gives … very encouraging results. CHARM is suitable for studying environmental questions but it can only be applied in situations …