This study empirically evaluates the effect of consumer confidence on consumer spending in Nigeria. Relatively little … attention has been paid to the existence of a long-run relationship between consumer confidence and consumer spending in Nigeria … confidence, money supply, and inflation have a significantly positive impact on consumer spending, while interest rates possess …

female reviewers equally and whether any difference can be attributed to a gender gap in the confidence of reviewers. Our … findings reveal that organizers' decisions more closely align with male reviewers', particularly when the reviewer's confidence … reviewers report higher confidence than males. We explore potential mechanisms and find suggestive evidence that female …

consumer confidence in the USA and to study their effects on US economic revivalism during and after the coronavirus disease … confidence due to COVID-19 under different scenarios, by providing a projection until December 2021. It also estimates the time … restoring consumer confidence. Findings - All scenarios show a gradual recovery of consumer confidence and consumption …

Barsky and Sims (2012, AER) demonstrated, via indirect inference, that confidence innovations can be viewed as noisy … signals about medium-term economic growth. They highlighted that the connection between confidence and subsequent activity … offer insights into how to interpret the relationship between consumer confidence and economic activity. Our results confirm …