Economic inequality remains a persistent and widely studied issue in the social sciences. South Korea provides a striking example where the top 23 business groups, controlled by ultra-wealthy, family-owned conglomerates (chaebols), have maintained significant economic persistence and resisted...

This study examines the impact of the geopolitical risk (GPR) on the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) activities of South Korean business groups. Our empirical results indicate that GPR is positively associated with the ESG activities of South Korean firms, and this relationship is...