This report highlights the commonalities and disagreements between the reporting by Member States (MS) to the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) on the standards for Biological Quality elements in coastal waters, and the methodological standards...

A robust food traceability system is crucial for ensuring seamless information fow within supply chains. While the current centralised approach, typically led by a supply chain leader, facilitates information exchange, it faces signifcant limitations, such as prolonged tracing processes and a...