Most special-use freeway lanes in the US, whether reserved for carpools, toll-paying commuters or both, are physically separated from the adjacent regular-use lanes by some form of barrier. Vehicle movements in and out of a special lane of this type are permitted only at select access points...

In urban areas, the cost of road congestion has paid great attention to the sociological, technological and environmental aspects, such as the optimal route and fuel consumption. This step is towards a smarter vehicle mobility where the travel time will be planned and dynamically adapted to...

Ride-share systems, which aim to bring together travelers with similar itineraries and time schedules, may provide significant societal and environmental benefits by reducing the number of cars used for personal travel and improving the utilization of available seat capacity. Effective and...